Just three months ago, we made the case that it would take new ways of thinking and working to ensure the state’s education system emerges from the pandemic able to serve kids better and more equitably. Policymakers must see education in Illinois as a single, interconnected system from birth to career that provides equitably and adequately for our students at every stage. And to create this improved system, funding and policies must extend beyond the traditional silos of early childhood, K-12, and higher education.

We’re happy to report signs of positive progress. In March, President Joe Biden signed into law the American Rescue Plan, a sweeping $1.9 trillion stimulus package aimed to help families struggling with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The legislation includes historic one-time investments in child care, home visiting, Early Intervention, K-12 education, special education, Early Head Start, Head Start, and higher education. These federal funds represent a lifeline for the children and families of Illinois.

While the federal government has provided important short-term funding as a stopgap to help weather the current storm, the state has a critical role to play to ensure the health and sustainability of our education system.

It is why we were thrilled to see the recent announcement from Governor Pritzker indicating he supports appropriating an additional $350 million in state funds for the Evidence-Based Funding formula as part of the fiscal year 2022 (FY22) state budget. Putting $350 million of state dollars into the school formula will allow districts to make the long-term investments necessary to create strong, sustainable educational programs. An infusion of state funding will allow school leaders to use the federal relief dollars as intended: to safely reopen schools for in-person learning and support students socially, emotionally, and academically as they recover from the many ways in which COVID-19 has disrupted their development and learning.

As excited as we are to see the governor and leaders of the General Assembly back these investments publicly, the rest of our education system also needs their support. Increases in funding to schools must be paired with similar increases in funding to early childhood and post-secondary education.

We call on the General Assembly to increase appropriations for the Early Childhood Block Grant by $50 million, the Monetary Award Program by $50 million, and the Mental Health on Campus Act by $19 million.

Illinois has increased state investments in early childhood alongside those in the K-12 system, historically, because the state’s early care and education system plays such a critical role in the success of its future K-12 students. Current funding falls far short of what is needed to provide a fully-funded early learning system that supports communities, families, educators, and providers. Earlier this year, the recommendations from the Commission on Equitable Early Childhood Education and Care Funding estimated that the current level of state and federal investment in our state’s early childhood system is only about 14% of what is needed to provide high-quality services for all families. Fully funding the state’s early childhood system is a long-term project, but an investment of $50 million in the upcoming fiscal year would act as an important down payment, particularly if that investment is focused on reducing inequities in compensation for teachers working in community-based programs or with infants and toddlers.

As for post-secondary education, we know that disinvestment over the last few decades, particularly during difficult budget years, has forced institutions to more than double tuition and fees to stay open. Students from low-income households bear the brunt of this burden. While increasing MAP will help, it is not enough– we need long-term structural change to fund higher education. There is a bill making its way through the legislative process that would establish a Commission to make recommendations on how to fund higher education more equitably and adequately. This is a conversation worth having and we urge Springfield to act now.

The practice of supporting one part of the education continuum while freezing budgets in other parts is imprudent, as students cannot develop and thrive without a strong overall system that will see them through from birth to career. We’ve seen in 2021 that a lot can happen in a few short months when we work together to reimagine a better world for children and families. We encourage the Illinois General Assembly and the Pritzker Administration to keep the momentum going. Our children deserve nothing less.

Written in partnership with:

• Advance Illinois
• Illinois Action for Children
• Partnership for College Completion
• Stand for Children Illinois

To truly address the Infant/Early Childhood Mental Health (I/ECMH) needs of our youngest children, we must also recognize and respond to the needs and strengths of the caregiver. A newborn does not live in a bubble, so what impacts a caregiver, will impact their child.

Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD) impact many families when a new baby arrives. According to 2020 Mom, symptoms of depression and anxiety occur in up to 20% of mothers, making these conditions the most common complications of pregnancy. Despite their prevalence, PMAD are under-detected by health care professionals, and as a result, many people do not receive proper treatment. When identified early, these symptoms are very treatable, yet when left untreated, they can have devastating impacts. In fact, research indicates that suicide is a leading cause of maternal death.

Many birthing parents only experience PMAD once pregnant or during postpartum and have no history of mental health issues. Therefore, most are only screened for symptoms of depression and not anxiety. Additionally, new parents face countless expectations and judgements about what motherhood should be, and often, many mothers fear being perceived as inadequate in this new role. It is important for providers to proactively discuss PMAD with birthing parents before, during and after pregnancy and normalize the birthing experience, so they are not worried about asking for help.

It’s important to also consider the mental health needs of non-birthing parents. One in 10 fathers experience Paternal Postpartum Depression, and up to 16% of fathers suffer from an anxiety disorder during the perinatal period, according to the National Institute for Children’s Health Quality. In addition, many fathers experience stigma due to feelings about and perceptions of gender and parenting roles, not only felt by the individual, but seen within our society and systems of care.

Moreover, pregnancy, child birth and parenthood bring up powerful conscious and unconscious reminders of childhood issues, which can help or hinder the parent in responding to, caring for and loving their child. Helping parents understand their own strengths and their child’s strengths builds their confidence and supports parent-child interactions.

We know that factors like maternal depression and the mental health of other caregivers, such as grandparents and foster parents, can have an impact on young children’s development. The concepts of attunement, rupture and repair illustrate that mistakes and mismatches will always occur, even in the most secure relationships. But, when repair follows rupture, children learn resilience and that big emotions can be okay. The world, then, appears as a safe place, where disagreements can be resolved, and relationships can be sustained through conflict.

By creating environments where secure attachments can be made, caregivers will help set positive expectations for how children will understand themselves and others and how they will be treated and should treat others.

Given the wide array of circumstances that exist for young children and families, we must be diligent in identifying and providing resources to caregivers that best serve their needs.

This blog post is the third in a series about I/ECMH and this post in particular is in honor of Maternal Mental Health Awareness Month, a time to raise awareness of the common illness experienced by new moms. Thank you to the Postpartum Depression Illinois Alliance for shining light on this important issue. 

States are currently grappling with how to leverage the massive influx of federal funding coming their way through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act; the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations (CCRSA) Act; and most recently through the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA).

While these funds have focused on stabilizing this essential industry, the various pots of child care funding in ARPA provide a unique opportunity to lay the foundational infrastructure that centers racial equity to transform our child care system as we know it.

In the following process guide, we share a few ideas and guiding questions to help state leaders be strategic and lay the foundation for a more equitable early childhood system that meets the needs of families experiencing the most hardship, particularly families of color, all while facing quick timelines and no promise that this level of federal funding will continue.

Although Infant/Early Childhood Mental Health (I/ECMH) primarily focuses on promoting mental health and prevention, we can lose clarity and honesty when we don’t also look at the needs, challenges and struggles of children and families.

Behavior is how young children communicate and all behavior has meaning. Challenging behavior is a normal part of a child’s development, and as found by the Brazelton Touchpoints Center, shifts at key developmental milestones can offer opportunities to teach children new skills. However, when challenging behaviors are sustained, excessive and/or impacting the child’s daily life, it is important to seek support for intervention that can drive improved outcomes. And, in some cases, a child will receive an appropriate diagnosis.

1 in 6 U.S. children age 2–8 has a diagnosed mental, behavioral or developmental disorder. Yet, 75% to 80% of children in need of mental health services do not receive them. Unfortunately, families often rely on emergency rooms to address children’s mental health needs, where wait times are 8% longer. There are further disparities in access for Black and Latinx children, who are less likely to be diagnosed or treated for mental health conditions and concerns. This is due to inequitable access to services, as well as ongoing stigmas and perceptions of services, among other factors. In fact, psychiatric and behavioral problems among children of color often result in school punishment or incarceration, but rarely mental health care.

Right now, over a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health needs have increased for children and families. There are lower rates of identification for young children with disabilities, difficulties providing services they should be receiving, and many children are experiencing high levels of social and emotional challenges. A survey by Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago conducted during the pandemic estimated that 70,000 toddlers and children in Chicago are showing mental and behavioral health symptoms.

The good news? Adverse childhood experiences do not dictate the future of a child. We must be strengths-based in our approach to addressing I/ECMH and focus on protective factors, as well as risk factors. The single most common resilience factor for children is at least one stable and committed relationship with a supportive adult. That adult can be anyone—a parent, a caregiver, a teacher, you.

You don’t have to be a clinician to do I/ECMH work. As we work to bolster the mental health system by reducing the stigma of mental health challenges and improving access to care and close race-based disparities, we need to use a multipronged approach, pulling in a variety of non-traditional providers and supports. Programs, staff and families need to be equipped with the best tools and supports to be able to promote mental health and well-being of all children, intervene when appropriate and provide referrals for targeted treatments.

This blog post is the first in a series about I/ECMH in honor of Mental Health Awareness Month, as we also partner with other I/ECMH organizations, such as the Illinois Association for Infant Mental Health and the Illinois Children’s Mental Health Partnership. 

When one thinks of the phrase “Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health,” they may visualize a baby on a couch babbling to a therapist or wonder if infants and young children even have mental health needs. However, infant/early childhood mental health (I/ECMH) is far more powerful, comprehensive and complex.

As defined by ZERO TO THREE, I/ECMH is the developing capacity of a child from birth to age 5 to form close and secure adult and peer relationships; to experience, manage and express a full range of emotions; and to explore the environment and learn—all in the context of family, community and culture. I/ECMH is an imperative component of early childhood development, and these skills provide a foundation for all other domains of development, such as cognition, speech and language and motor skills.

Many equate I/ECMH with overall social-emotional development or self-regulation. Although, this is not entirely accurate as I/ECMH encompasses the needs and strengths of the child and the primary caregiver, as well as the characteristics of the caregiving relationship.

The early care and learning field can and should approach our work through an I/ECMH lens. This approach is strengths-based and focused on health, not illness; places importance on equity, cultural humility and reflective practice; and understands the importance of brain science and that development happens within the context of relationships. It is critical that the I/ECMH system be comprehensive, coordinated and integrated, and should offer families the supports that reflect the continuum of care needed, from education and prevention to intervention and treatment.

At Start Early, we recognize the importance of I/ECMH in our programs, trainings and professional development offerings. In addition, our Illinois Policy Agenda reflects our commitment to advancing policies that strengthen the I/ECMH system and promote access to the continuum of supports that families with young children need. Some of our policy priorities include:

• Implementing a model of I /ECMH Consultation and trauma supports across early care and learning programs
• Building the capacity of mental health service providers to address I/ECMH
• Establishing routine identification of and referrals for caregiver depression in the perinatal period, including supports for the caregiver and child
• Increasing access to mental health services for families with young children through increased funding for services
• Providing rates to providers that provide parity with physical health care
• Improving access to mental health services provided through services like Early Intervention

At Start Early, we know that the mental health needs of children and families are greater during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and we must prioritize I/ECHMH support now more than ever. I/ECMH is often misunderstood, but it is a simple concept—it is the foundation of all future development, and we all share ownership of helping our children grow.

This blog post is the first in a series about I/ECMH in honor of Mental Health Awareness Month, as we also partner with other I/ECMH organizations, such as the Illinois Association for Infant Mental Health and the Illinois Children’s Mental Health Partnership. 

Teri Rogoway’s love of nature started early, with her own mom. “My mom taught me from a really young age that nature was a gift and that we could be better people as a result of interacting with nature,” she shares. “I’ve always had a positive experience in nature and I wanted to give those kinds of experiences to other people.”

As the educational programs coordinator for the Santa Clara Valley Open Space Authority, Teri helps children engage with nature from an early age. “We do stroller walks with parents and infants and toddlers, where we let the kids play outside and make things out of twigs, rocks and leaves. I never tell them what to make, I just let them create,” she notes, which helps build creativity skills that follow them into their later years.

Engaging parents is key to increasing young children’s exposure to and appreciation of nature. “You want parents to feel comfortable being out in nature because children watch how their parent responds. If the parents are afraid, then a child might pick up on that fear and carry it with them through life,” she explains.

Weekly Highlights

Legislative Session is Over; Next Up Bill Signings. The Legislature adjourned Sine Die just after 6:00 p.m. on Sunday, April 25th. It was a legislative session to remember! At the press conference following adjournment, Democratic leadership reminded the press of the four goals they brought into the legislative session: 1) economic recovery; 2) COVID response; 3) addressing racial equity; and 4) addressing threats to climate, noting significant progress in each of these areas.

Legislative leaders also emphasized the goal of a safe legislative session, emphasizing that not one legislator or staff contracted COVID, unlike other State Legislatures. Legislators recognized the challenges involved with meeting virtually, but said they hope to maintain some sort of virtual testimony in future years.

What’s Next? Attention now turns to the Governor’s office where the Governor has 20 days (Sundays excluded) to sign and/or veto bills. On Monday, the Governor signed ESHB 1370 relating to Early Learning Facilities and we are expecting the Fair Start for Kids Act to be signed in early May.

Budget Update. After release of budget details on Saturday, both the Senate and House adopted the $59.2 billion 2021-23 biennial budget prior to adjourning on Sunday. The budget contains an additional $10 billion in federal money, spends down the state’s Rainy Day Fund and holds back $1.1 billion in federal dollars to account for unanticipated needs.

State Early WA prepared this summary of key early learning investments. Our rough math shows over $850 million in new operating and capital budget investments. Much of this is federal money and a good portion is one-time for child care stabilization grants ($400 million), but over $300 million is intended to be ongoing.  The goal is for this one-time federal money to be replaced by revenue generated from the new Capital Gains tax. The biggest investments are in our state’s Working Connections Child Care system, with an increase in rates to the 85^th percentile of market rate; reforms to the broken co-payment system; and increases in income eligibility.

Capital Gains on its way to Governor Inslee.  In one of its final actions, the Senate approved the Capital Gains bill, ESSB 5096, on a 25-24 vote on Sunday, sending the bill to Governor Inslee for his expected signature.  On Friday night, a conference committee comprised of three Senators and three House members adopted a compromise that made two key changes to the bill: 1) it created a charitable donations deduction and 2) capped annual distribution to the Education Legacy Trust Account at $500 million with remaining tax proceeds being deposited into the Common School Construction Account.

The compromise kept language stating that the tax is necessary for the support of state government and its existing public institutions. This language could serve to limit the option of a referendum on the ballot to repeal the law.

The “Sine Die” tree sits at the east entrance of the Legislative Building. Legend holds that when this tree blossoms, it is time for the Legislature to wrap it up and head home. Given that the tree has already flowered and shed its blossoms, legislative session should be concluding.

Trivia!

What does “Sine Die” mean?

Weekly Highlights

End of Session Is Almost Here. Legislative session is scheduled to conclude by midnight on Sunday, April 25th. Before that happens, both the Senate and House will spend one final weekend working long hours. The list of outstanding issues is decreasing, but a number of substantive and complex issues remain, including passage of budgets. Despite the work that lies ahead, all signs point to an on-time adjournment.

Budget Update. Budget details are expected to be released on Saturday morning (the 24^th) and the budgets will be voted on prior to adjournment on Sunday, April 25^th.  Start Early WA will send a “Notes from Olympia” early next week capturing the end of session activity, including a summary of key budget investments.

Fair Start for Kids Act on its way to Governor Inslee!  On Wednesday, a conference committee comprised of three Senators and three House members approved a conference report that contains the final details for the Fair Start for Kids Act.  On Thursday, the House of Representatives approved the bill on a 65-32 vote, with 8 Republicans joining the Democrats in voting for passage. This vote was followed shortly thereafter with the Senate approving the measure by a 27-22 vote.  It is now on its way to Governor Inslee’s desk for his consideration.

Start Early WA has updated its summary of the Fair Start for Kids Act to reflect the conference committee report.  Additional resources include this side-by-side comparison of the Senate, House and Conference Committee versions of the Fair Start Act prepared by policy committee staff as well as the most recent version of the bill.

When the Operating Budget is released on Saturday, we can expect to see funding to support the policies included in the Fair Start for Kids Act, including funding to support reform of the Working Connection Child Care co-payment system; increasing income eligibility for Working Connections to 60% of the State Median Income on October 1, 2021; and increasing rates for ECEAP by 10% and for Working Connections up to the 85th percentile of market rate.

Capital Gains Bill Update. After debate that spanned two days, the House passed the Capital Gains bill, ESSB 5096, on a 52-46 vote on Wednesday, April 21^st. On Thursday, the Senate did not concur (agree) to the amendments made in the House.  This means the bill will go to a conference committee where three Senators and three members of the House of Representatives (2 Democrats and 1 Republican from each body) will meet to negotiate a compromise (called a conference committee report). Once the report is adopted by the conference committee, it then must return to both the House and the Senate for an up or down vote (amendments to conference reports are not allowed). This one is going down to the wire.

As reported last week, the current version of the bill would deposit all of the revenue generated into the Education Legacy Trust Account to support investments in K-12 education, early learning and child care.